• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:SU963957A1
    申请号:SU807771096
    申请日:1980-03-04
    公开日:1982-10-07
    发明作者:Вацлав Михек
    申请人:Стройоправ Опп (Инопредприятие)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    one
    The invention relates to a method for denitrifying water, preferably drinking water, while maintaining the BASIC: compound anions found in water, in particular sulfates. five
    nitrates found in drinking water are harmful to humans and warm-blooded animals. The negative effect of nitrates on human health has been studied most of all with the example of nitrate alimentary hematogenous obesity in infants. This disease is observed in cases of the use of water with a nitrate concentration of more than 15 mg / l for cooking for an infant. The effect of increased concentration of nitrates on the occurrence of a disease such as cancer of the esophagus and stomach has also been established; it has also been said that the incidence of heart disease is associated with elevating the concentration of nitrates in drinking water.
    Owing to the intensification of agricultural production and the pollution of the surrounding environment, the concentration of nitrates in water in the developed countries is constantly increasing. Therefore, drinking water standards allow for increased EO
    nitrate concentration. The last action of the Czechoslovak standard for drinking water, which entered into force in 1975, does not at all take into account the protection of infants. Therefore, nitrate-free mineral water or distilled water is used to prepare food for an infant. One aako in the first case, the latter is not suitable because of the high salt content, in the second - due to their complete absence.
    There are a number of ways to denitrify drinking water. Biological denitrification is a process previously used only for sewage treatment. Using this method for. purification of drinking water is difficult due to the fact that the microorganism of denitrification, oxidizers, the corresponding temperature and an anaerobic environment must be involved in the process. Chemical denitration also requires an anaerobic environment, the presence of non-toxic reducing agents and an alkaline medium (minimum pH value of 8).
    The disadvantage of biological and chemical denitrification is the length of the process.
    Denitrification methods include non-selective salt removal processes in general, such as distillation, deionization, demineralization and reverse osmosis. But all these ways are expensive and indiscriminate. The products of these processes are denatured substances.
    The use of a strongly alkaline anion exchanger in chloride form for filtration of water is unprofitable due to the high content of chlorides in the filtrate, which, as a rule, exceeds the permissible value. During the sorption process, the sulfates are removed along with the nitrates.
    Also known is the method of denitrification of drinking water using a strongly alkaline anion exchanger, the functional groups of which are converted into the following forms: chloride (20-80%), bicarbonate (20-80%), and sulphate (15-50%). The quality of the filtrate is more satisfactory. human biological needs, since already at the beginning of sorption both chlorides and bicarbonates are present, but since the chloroid and bicarbonate forms of the anion exchanger are removed along with the nitrates and sulphates, the content of the latter at the beginning of the sorption process will be / I or zero It will only be allowed to increase and increase with nitrate content. Adding 15-50% sulphate anion exchanger to the filter nozzle at the beginning of the sorption process is not allowed, since the sulphate filter capacity is reduced. the last anion exchanger in the sulphate form in the filter.The results are satisfactory, depending on the composition of the water supplied to the filter and the composition of the filtering nozzle, but also R & In the process of filtering, a variable composition is obtained - with a low or medium content of sulfates. The desire to preserve in the filter; atomic sulphates is explained not only by the fact that they are an important part of drinking water, but primarily by the fact that when along with nt: paTah-iH the bicarbonate ions are replaced with hCljvffi chloride ions, the end grace of the latter increases eligible limits. This is especially important when using versatile filter nas;
    tipH high salt concentrations In these cases, the chloride content in the filtrate is much higher than normal. At the same time, it exceeds the technical requirements and the content of bicarbonate. Due to the formation of significant amounts of carbonates at boiling water as a result of the thermal decarbonization of water. Thus, this method is applicable only to the purification of low salt water, i.e. it is not universal.
    The proposed method of water denitrification, in which the treated water is in contact with a layer of strongly alkaline anion exchanger, the functional groups of which are converted to the sulphate form in an amount of from 50 to 100%, the chloride form is from O to 50% and the bicarbonate form is from O to 50%.
    The advantage of the proposed method is that the nitrate anions are removed from the water by replacing the bicarbonate, chloride and sulfate anions while maintaining the total. the amount of salt. Since a large amount of sulphate remains in the filtrate, the content of chlorides and bicarbonates does not change dramatically. The composition of the salts is more constant, and therefore the method is more consistent with the requirements of water treatment with a high salt content.
    Example. Denitrification is subjected to water of composition: N0 0.80 mashl / l, C1 2-76 mww / l, SO 5.41 mww / l) 5 ISO b, 30 mww / l, dry residue 980 mg / l.
    Water was passed through two columns. The first bath was filled with a mixture of a strongly alkaline anion, the upper three quarters of a layer (65%) in a chorid form. The bottom quarter of the layer in height was the same anion exchanger in the sulphate form. The first column contains 28% anionic acid in the bicarbonate form and 47% in the chloride form. The second column was filled with a mixed layer of a strongly alkaline anion exchange resin, containing 83% sulphate, 9% chloride and 8% bicarbonate forms.
    0 Water was supplied from top to bottom in columns with a specific load of 45 l / h. The composition of the filtrate after is given in the table, where its quantity is indicated as a multiple of Sino whale in 5 V / VQ, 0,016,052,416,900,026 0,017,031,516,750,026 0,017,351,206,750,06 0,027,501,006,760,06 6,037,4.0,956,106,076 0,076,901,257,02,012 19 2,755,307,10 2,815,52. 6.90 2,855,656,70 2,905,806,50 2,105,906.40 2,905,906,40 2,805,856,40
    As can be seen from the table, after the first and second columns, the content of nitrates decreased from 15 mg / l to 0.24 mval / l tiO. After two columns, the bicarbonate content slightly increased. Despite the fact that the sequence of developing individual forms of anion exchangers is chosen so as to maintain a constant concentration of sulfates in the filtrate, the content of the latter decreases sharply when water is filtered through the first layer of anion exchanger, while the concentration does not change during filtration through the second layer, and through the third layer. the sulphate content slowly increases. The concentration of chlorides varies in the reverse order, i.e. their concentration after the first column exceeds the permissible content of chlorides in drinking water, which is 100 mg / l of chlorides
    (2.82 mV / l C1) (after the second column, the composition of chlorides and sulfates is constant).
    The proposed method can be used to purify water with a higher salt content or in the case of using universal filters for treating water of variable composition.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    Invention Formula
    The method of water denitrification with the use of highly curable anion exchange resin,
    0 characterized in that the water to be treated is contacted with a layer of highly celtic shionite, the functional groups of which are converted to the sulphate form in an amount of from 50 to 100%, the chloride form from .O to 50% and the bicarbonate form from O to 50%.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE3010538B2|1981-06-19|
    DD152262A3|1981-11-25|
    JPS55142586A|1980-11-07|
    DE3010538A1|1980-11-20|
    CS200907B1|1980-10-31|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    CH659957A5|1983-05-24|1987-03-13|Melyepitesi Tervezo Vallalat|METHOD FOR REGENERATING ANION EXCHANGE RESIN RESIN TO THE BICARBONATE FORM EXHAUSTED BY THE TRANSFER OF ANIONS, IN PARTICULAR NITRATIONS CONTAINING WATER.|
    DE3526004A1|1984-11-10|1987-01-22|Benckiser Wassertechnik Joh A|METHOD FOR PREVENTING CORROSION DAMAGE IN WATER PIPING SYSTEMS|
    DE3515299C2|1985-04-27|1987-03-12|Hydrogel-Chemie Korrosionsschutzgesellschaft Mbh, 4760 Werl, De|
    DE3922391C2|1989-07-07|1992-10-01|Hoelzle & Chelius Gmbh, 6078 Neu-Isenburg, De|
    DE4042632C2|1990-06-22|1999-03-11|Winfried Blank|Ion exchange system|
    JPH04200683A|1990-11-30|1992-07-21|Ebara Infilco Co Ltd|Method for removing nitrate nitrogen|
    CN104445808A|2014-11-06|2015-03-25|中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所|Method for removing nitrates in fresh water recirculating aquaculture system|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CS791805A|CS200907B1|1979-03-19|1979-03-19|Process for removing nitrates from water|
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